Books - Sources
Menaion Supplement - November 14
Memory of St. Gregory Palamas
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MATINS
CHOIR
Mode pl. 4.
God is the Lord, and He revealed Himself to us. Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. [SAAS]
Verse 1: Give thanks to the Lord and call upon His holy name.
Verse 2: All the nations surrounded me, but in the name of the Lord I defended myself against them.
Verse 3: And this came about from the Lord, and it is wonderful in our eyes.
Apolytikion.
Menaion Supplement - - -
Mode pl. 4.
Beacon of Orthodox belief, the strong support of the Church and her teacher inspired by God, you are the ornament of monks, the unassailable champion of theologians, O Gregory the Wonder-worker and the boast of Thessalonica, the messenger of grace. Forever earnestly entreat for the salvation of our souls. [SD]
Glory. Repeat.
Both now. Theotokion.
From Octoechos - - -
Mode pl. 4.
You were born of a Virgin, and You endured crucifixion for us, O good Lord. By Your death You divested death of spoils, and You displayed resurrection, as God. Please do not despise us, the work of Your hand. Demonstrate Your loving kindness, O merciful Master. Defer to Your Mother, the Theotokos, when she intercedes on our behalf, and save us, Your people in despair, O Savior. [GOASD]
PRIEST
Again and again in peace let us pray to the Lord.
CHOIR: Lord, have mercy.
PRIEST
Help us, save us, have mercy on us, and protect us, O God, by Your grace.
CHOIR: Lord, have mercy.
PRIEST
Remembering our all-holy, immaculate, most blessed, and glorious Lady, the Theotokos and ever-virgin Mary, with all the saints, let us commend ourselves and one another and our whole life to Christ our God.
CHOIR: To You, O Lord.
PRIEST
For Yours is the dominion, and Yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory, of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, now and ever and to the ages of ages.
CHOIR: Amen.
CHOIR
Kathisma I.
Menaion Supplement - - -
Mode 1. The soldiers keeping watch.
Τὸν τάφον σου Σωτήρ.
With hymns do we extol the divine Christian bishop * who like a cloud of light and a pillar of fire * in Spirit does precede today the new people of Israel, * and who leads them into the intelligible land of peace, * the metropolis of those in Christ who are firstborn. * We praise the great Gregory. [SD]
Glory.
Mode 1. The soldiers keeping watch.
Τὸν τάφον σου Σωτήρ.
When you had fully bathed in the streams of your teardrops, * you spiritually received the divine Holy Spirit, * and you were a communicant of the grace, O inspired one, * and the theosis transcending nature and reason; * which you preached to all as uncreated and single, * O godly-minded Gregory. [SD]
Both now. Theotokion.
Mode 1. The soldiers keeping watch.
Intelligible Light’s most illustrious vessel, * O terminate the darkness of my heart, holy Damsel, * and lighten that most heavy load of my passions, I beg of you, * guiding me unto the ways that lead to repentance, * and accounting me, O all-immaculate Lady, * worthy of the future light. [SD]
Kathisma II.
Menaion Supplement - - -
Mode pl. 4. By conceiving the wisdom.
Τὴν Σοφίαν καὶ Λόγον.
O wise Father, departing from things that pass, * royal palaces, relatives and your friends, * O blessed one, you obtained what is permanent and remains. * Your entire household and kin did you offer up * as a whole-burnt offering unto the Lord of all. * Having sanctified them in soul, mind and body, * you led them, O Gregory, through the practice of virtues and * contemplation, to the Lord. * Earnestly with Him intercede * that forgiveness of offenses be bestowed * upon those who with longing * observe your holy memory. [SD]
Glory. Both now. Theotokion.
Mode pl. 4. By conceiving the wisdom.
From your flesh did the Master put on the form * of a slave and unite hypostatically, * O Lady, and thereby He deified it, since He is good. * Having filled our nature with Spirit entirely, * by His grace He brought forth the companies of the saints. * Hence you are the cause of the ineffable myst’ries, * and you are the first to be filled with Spirit, and therefore we * cry aloud wholeheartedly: * Author of salvation, rejoice. * O rejoice, redemption of the trespasses * of those who faithfully worship your Son, O immaculate one. [SD]
PRIEST
Again and again in peace let us pray to the Lord.
CHOIR: Lord, have mercy.
PRIEST
Help us, save us, have mercy on us, and protect us, O God, by Your grace.
CHOIR: Lord, have mercy.
PRIEST
Remembering our all-holy, immaculate, most blessed, and glorious Lady, the Theotokos and ever-virgin Mary, with all the saints, let us commend ourselves and one another and our whole life to Christ our God.
CHOIR: To You, O Lord.
PRIEST
For blessed is Your name, and glorified is Your kingdom, of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, now and ever and to the ages of ages.
CHOIR: Amen.
CHOIR
Antiphon 1.
Mode 4.
From my youth, many passions war against me. O my Savior, I implore You, uphold me and save me. [GOASD] (2)
You who hate Zion, be shamed by the Lord; for you will be withered like grass in the fire. [GOASD] (2)
Glory.
By the Holy Spirit every soul is animated, and when purified, it is mystically uplifted and brightened by the triune Godhead. [GOASD]
Both now.
From the Holy Spirit the streams of grace well forth; they water all creation, so that life be engendered. [GOASD]
Prokeimenon. Psalm 48.
My mouth shall speak wisdom, and the meditation of my heart, understanding. (2)
Verse: Hear this, all you nations; give ear, all you inhabitants of the world.
My mouth shall speak wisdom, and the meditation of my heart, understanding. [SAAS]
Stand for the Gospel reading.
DEACON: Let us pray to the Lord.
CHOIR: Lord, have mercy.
PRIEST
For You, our God, are holy, and You rest among the holy ones, and to You we offer up glory, to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, now and ever and to the ages of ages.
CHOIR: Amen.
Mode 2.
Let everything that breathes praise the Lord. (2) Let everything that breathes praise the Lord. [SAAS]
DEACON
Let us pray to the Lord our God that we may be made worthy to hear the holy Gospel.
CHOIR: Lord, have mercy. (3)
DEACON
Wisdom. Arise. Let us hear the holy Gospel.
PRIEST: Peace be with all.
CHOIR: And with your spirit.
PRIEST
The reading is from the holy Gospel according to John.
DEACON: Let us be attentive.
CHOIR
Glory to You, O Lord, glory to You.
PRIEST (from the gate)
Jn. 10:1 – 9
The Lord said to the Jews who had come to him, “Truly, truly, I say to you, he who does not enter the sheepfold by the door but climbs in by another way, that man is a thief and a robber; but he who enters by the door is the shepherd of the sheep. To him the gatekeeper opens; the sheep hear his voice, and he calls his own sheep by name and leads them out. When he has brought out all his own, he goes before them, and the sheep follow him, for they know his voice. A stranger they will not follow, but they will flee from him, for they do not know the voice of strangers.” This figure Jesus used with them, but they did not understand what he was saying to them. So Jesus again said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, I am the door of the sheep. All who came before me are thieves and robbers; but the sheep did not heed them. I am the door; if any one enters by me, he will be saved, and will go in and out and find pasture.” [RSV]
CHOIR
Glory to You, O Lord, glory to You.
READER
Psalm 50 (51).
Have mercy on me, O God, according to Your great mercy; and according to the abundance of Your compassion, blot out my transgression. Wash me thoroughly from my lawlessness and cleanse me from my sin. For I know my lawlessness, and my sin is always before me. Against You only have I sinned and done evil in Your sight; that You may be justified in Your words, and overcome when You are judged. For behold, I was conceived in transgressions, and in sins my mother bore me. Behold, You love truth; You showed me the unknown and secret things of Your wisdom. You shall sprinkle me with hyssop, and I will be cleansed; You shall wash me, and I will be made whiter than snow. You shall make me hear joy and gladness; my bones that were humbled shall greatly rejoice. Turn Your face from my sins, and blot out all my transgressions. Create in me a clean heart, O God, and renew a right spirit within me. Do not cast me away from Your presence, and do not take Your Holy Spirit from me. Restore to me the joy of Your salvation, and uphold me with Your guiding Spirit. I will teach transgressors Your ways, and the ungodly shall turn back to You. Deliver me from bloodguiltiness, O God, the God of my salvation, and my tongue shall greatly rejoice in Your righteousness. O Lord, You shall open my lips, and my mouth will declare Your praise. For if You desired sacrifice, I would give it; You will not be pleased with whole burnt offerings. A sacrifice to God is a broken spirit, a broken and humbled heart God will not despise. Do good, O Lord, in Your good pleasure to Zion, and let the walls of Jerusalem be built; then You will be pleased with a sacrifice of righteousness, with offerings and whole burnt offerings; then shall they offer young bulls on Your altar. [SAAS]
Menaion Supplement - - -
CHOIR
Glory. Mode 2.
At the intercession of Your holy Hierarch, O Lord of mercy, blot out my many offenses. [SD]
Both now.
At the intercession of the Theotokos, O Lord of mercy, blot out my many offenses. [SD]
Idiomelon. Mode pl. 2.
Verse: Have mercy on me, O God, according to Your great mercy; and according to the abundance of Your compassion, blot out my transgression. [SAAS]
Grace was poured upon your lips, O devout father, and you became a shepherd of the Church of Christ, teaching the reasonable sheep to believe in the Trinity, coessential, in one Divinity. [SD]
PRIEST
O God, save Your people and bless Your inheritance. Look upon Your world with mercy and compassion. Raise the Orthodox Christians in glory, and send down upon us Your rich mercies:
through the intercessions of our all-immaculate Lady Theotokos and ever-virgin Mary, by the power of the precious and life-giving Cross, the protection of the honorable, heavenly, bodiless powers, the supplications of the honorable, glorious prophet and forerunner John the Baptist, the holy, glorious, and praiseworthy apostles, our fathers among the saints, the great hierarchs and ecumenical teachers Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom; Athanasios, Cyril, and John the Merciful, patriarchs of Alexandria, Nicholas, bishop of Myra, Spyridon, bishop of Trimythous, Nektarios of Pentapolis, the wonderworkers; the holy, glorious, great martyrs George the triumphant, Demetrios the myrrh-streamer, Theodore the soldier, and Theodore the general; Menas the wonderworker; Charalambos and Eleutherios, the hieromartyrs; the holy, glorious, and victorious martyrs; the glorious great Martyr and all-laudable Euphemia; the holy and glorious Martyrs Thecla, Barbara, Anastasia, Katherine, Kyriake, Fotene, Marina, Paraskeve and Irene; our venerable and God-bearing fathers; (local patron saint); holy and righteous ancestors of God Joachim and Anna; and our father among the saints Gregory Palamas the Wonder-worker, Archbishop of Thessaloniki, whose memory we celebrate; and all Your saints:
We beseech you, only merciful Lord, hear us sinners who pray to you and have mercy on us.
CHOIR
Lord, have mercy. (12)
PRIEST
Through the mercy, compassion, and love for humankind of Your only-begotten Son, with whom You are blessed, and Your all-holy, good and life-creating Spirit, now and ever and to the ages of ages.
CHOIR: Amen.
Menaion Supplement - - -
READER
Kontakion.
Mode pl. 4. O Champion General.
Τῇ ὑπερμάχῳ.
With one accord, we sing your praises, Father Gregory * who speaks from God, sonorous trumpet of theology, * and divine and sacred organ of holy wisdom. * But as intellect that stands before the Intellect, * unto Him direct our intellect, so unto you * we may cry aloud: Rejoice, O herald of grace. [SD]
Oikos.
As a herald of mysteries, you appeared on earth plainly, proclaiming things divine unto mortals. Endowed with a human mind and flesh, and yet speaking in the tongue of the bodiless, you amazed us and convinced us to cry out to you, O godly rhetor: [SD]
Rejoice, through whom the darkness was banished; Rejoice, through whom the light did supplant it.
Rejoice, uncreated Divinity’s messenger; Rejoice, the confuter of one created and nonsensical.
Rejoice, you who called God’s nature an inaccessible height; Rejoice, you who called His energy a depth difficult to sight.
Rejoice, for you correctly have discoursed on God’s glory; Rejoice, for you have spoken against the views of the wicked.
Rejoice, O star that made the Sun evident; Rejoice, the bowl imparting the sweet nectar.
Rejoice, through whom the truth shines refulgent; Rejoice, through whom was falsehood extinguished.
Rejoice, O herald of grace.
Stand for the reading of the Synaxarion.
Synaxarion
On November 14, we also commemorate our father among the saints Gregory Palamas, the Wonderworker, Archbishop of Thessaloniki, who flourished around 1340.
Verses
The mind truly great and the Light’s bright herald
Is led by light’s Source to radiance never-setting.
On this day we also commemorate the holy, glorious and all-lauded Apostle Philip, one of the first group of Twelve.
On this day the holy Neo-martyr Constantine, who was born in Hydra, but witnesed in Rhodes in the year 1800, died by hanging.
By their holy intercessions, O God, have mercy on us. Amen.
Katavasias Odes 1-8
CHOIR
Katavasias of Theotokos - Entry
Ode i. Mode 4.
I open my mouth and pray the Spirit fill it, like David said, * to pour out a good word to the Queen and Mother of God. * I will celebrate * her feast with joy and gladness * and sing to her merrily, lauding her Entry. [GOASD]
Ode iii.
Establish your servants who extol you, * O Mother of God, for they have formed * a spiritual choir for you * the living and abundant fount; * and graciously in your divine Entry give glorious crowns to them. [GOASD]
Ode iv.
When the Prophet Habakkuk heard the divine * and incomprehensible counsel of Your Incarnation * from the Virgin, O Most High, * considering, he cried aloud: * Glory to Your strength, O Lord my God. [GOASD]
Ode v.
Amazed was the universe, * O Maiden, by your most august * Entry. For, O never-wedded Virgin, * you who appeared as a most pure temple yourself * did enter the Temple of God, * now awarding peace to all who extol you with hymns of praise. [GOASD]
Ode vi.
O godly-minded believers, come * and celebrate this sacred and venerable feast and thus extol * the Theotokos, and clap our hands, * and glorify our God who was truly born of her. [GOASD]
Ode vii.
Godly-minded three * did not adore created things in the Creator’s stead; * rather, disdaining the threat * of fire, they trampled it, and joyfully they sang: * “O supremely praised * and most exalted Lord and God * of the fathers, You are blessed.” [GOASD]
Ode viii.
We praise and we bless and we worship the Lord.
Guiltless were those Servants in the furnace. * The Son of the Theotokos went and rescued them. * He who was prefigured then, * having been incarnate now, * is gathering the whole wide world into His Church to sing: * “O all you works of the Lord, to all ages * sing praises to the Lord and exalt Him beyond measure.” [GOASD]
Stand for the singing of Ode ix.
DEACON
Let us honor and magnify in song the Theotokos and the Mother of the light.
CHOIR
Ode ix.
The Magnificat. Mode 4.
Verse: My soul magnifies the Lord, and my spirit has rejoiced in God my Savior. [NKJV]
Greater in honor than the Cherubim, and in glory greater beyond compare than the Seraphim; you without corruption gave birth to God the Word, and are truly Theotokos. You do we magnify. [GOASD]
Verse: For He has regarded the lowly state of His maidservant; for behold, henceforth all generations will call me blessed. [NKJV]
Greater in honor than the Cherubim, and in glory greater beyond compare than the Seraphim; you without corruption gave birth to God the Word, and are truly Theotokos. You do we magnify. [GOASD]
Verse: For He who is mighty has done great things for me, and holy is His name. And His mercy is on those who fear Him from generation to generation. [NKJV]
Greater in honor than the Cherubim, and in glory greater beyond compare than the Seraphim; you without corruption gave birth to God the Word, and are truly Theotokos. You do we magnify. [GOASD]
Verse: He has shown strength with His arm; He has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. [NKJV]
Greater in honor than the Cherubim, and in glory greater beyond compare than the Seraphim; you without corruption gave birth to God the Word, and are truly Theotokos. You do we magnify. [GOASD]
Verse: He has put down the mighty from their thrones, and exalted the lowly. He has filled the hungry with good things, and the rich He has sent away empty. [NKJV]
Greater in honor than the Cherubim, and in glory greater beyond compare than the Seraphim; you without corruption gave birth to God the Word, and are truly Theotokos. You do we magnify. [GOASD]
Verse: He has helped His servant Israel, in remembrance of His mercy, as He spoke to our fathers, to Abraham and to his seed forever. [NKJV]
Greater in honor than the Cherubim, and in glory greater beyond compare than the Seraphim; you without corruption gave birth to God the Word, and are truly Theotokos. You do we magnify. [GOASD]
Ode 9: Katavasia
Ode ix. Katavasia. Mode 4.
All you born on earth, * with festival lamps in hand, in spirit leap for joy; * and all you the heavenly angelic orders, join in and celebrate; * and honoring the sacred Entry of the Mother of God, * sing the joyful salutation, “O rejoice, * Theotokos, all-blest, ever-virgin pure!” [GOASD]
PRIEST
Again and again in peace let us pray to the Lord.
CHOIR: Lord, have mercy.
PRIEST
Help us, save us, have mercy on us, and protect us, O God, by Your grace.
CHOIR: Lord, have mercy.
PRIEST
Remembering our all-holy, immaculate, most blessed, and glorious Lady, the Theotokos and ever-virgin Mary, with all the saints, let us commend ourselves and one another and our whole life to Christ our God.
CHOIR: To You, O Lord.
PRIEST
For all the powers of heaven praise You, and to You they offer up glory, to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, now and ever and to the ages of ages.
CHOIR: Amen.
CHOIR
Exaposteilarion.
Menaion Supplement - - -
Mode 2. Let us in faith.
Τοῖς Μαθηταῖς συνέλθωμεν.
Rejoice, the holy fathers’ boast, * mouth of the theologians! * Rejoice, O wisdom’s dwelling place, * tabernacle of stillness! * Rejoice, O greatest of teachers! * Rejoice, O sea of discourse, * instrument of the active life, * summit of contemplation, and one who heals,* illnesses and passions besetting mankind! * Rejoice, the Holy Spirit’s shrine, * dead and alive, O Father! [SD]
Theotokion.
Mode 2. Let us in faith.
All-holy Lady Queen of all, * come to our aid in dangers. * Anticipate adversities. * Be with us in our hour * of need, indeed at the Last Day. * Let not Satan or Hades, * nor yet perdition capture us. * But through your intercession, enable all * to appear not guilty before the fearful * judgment-seat of your Son and God, * O Lady Theotokos. [SD]
Lauds. Mode pl. 4.
Let everything that breathes praise the Lord. Praise the Lord from the heavens, praise Him in the highest. It is fitting to sing a hymn to You, O God. [SAAS]
Praise Him, all you His angels; praise Him, all you His hosts. It is fitting to sing a hymn to You, O God. [SAAS]
Show Stichologia
Praise Him, sun and moon; praise Him, all you stars and light.
Praise Him, you heavens of heavens, and you waters above the heavens. Let them praise the Lord’s name.
For He spoke, and they were made; He commanded, and they were created.
He established them forever and unto ages of ages; He set forth His ordinance, and it shall not pass away.
Praise the Lord from the earth, you dragons and all the deeps.
Fire and hail, snow and ice, stormy wind, which perform His word.
Mountains and all the hills, fruitful trees and all cedars.
Wild animals and all cattle, creeping things and flying birds.
Kings of the earth and all peoples, princes and all judges of the earth.
Young men and maidens, elders with younger, let them praise the Lord’s name, for His name alone is exalted.
His thanksgiving is in earth and heaven. And He shall exalt the horn of His people.
A hymn for all His saints, for the children of Israel, a people who draw near to Him.
Sing to the Lord a new song, His praise in the assembly of His holy ones.
Let Israel be glad in Him who made him, and let the children of Zion greatly rejoice in their King.
Let them praise His name with dance; with tambourine and harp let them sing to Him.
For the Lord is pleased with His people, and He shall exalt the gentle with salvation.
The holy ones shall boast in glory, and they shall greatly rejoice on their beds.
The high praise of God shall be in their mouth and a two-edged sword in their hand.
To deal retribution to the nations, reproving among the peoples.
To shackle their kings with chains and their nobles with fetters of iron.
To fulfill among them the written judgment: this glory have all His holy ones.
Praise God in His saints; praise Him in the firmament of His power.
Hide Stichologia
Stichera. For the Saint.
Menaion Supplement - - -
Mode pl. 4. What a paradoxal.
Ὢ τοῦ παραδόξου.
Praise Him for His mighty acts; praise Him according to the abundance of His greatness. [SAAS]
You, O sacred father Gregory, * did from your childhood love God, * and impassioned material * attachment did you escape * and the world’s instability. * And when you took up the cross courageously, * you followed after your Master faithfully. * When you had purified * soul and mind by means of grief and many tears, * you became exceedingly * like God entirely. [SD]
Praise Him with the sound of trumpet; praise Him with the harp and lyre. [SAAS]
You, O sacred father Gregory, * did from your childhood love God, * and impassioned material * attachment did you escape * and the world’s instability. * And when you took up the cross courageously, * you followed after your Master faithfully. * When you had purified * soul and mind by means of grief and many tears, * you became exceedingly * like God entirely. [SD]
Praise Him with timbrel and dance; praise Him with strings and flute. [SAAS]
You, O sacred father Gregory, * in purifying your heart * through the practice of virtue and * contemplation, you became * thus the shrine of the Spirit of God. * Receiving His luminations, you appeared * truly as a light unto those approaching you. * Then, O glorious one, * you became by grace that which by nature He * in His divine nature is, * being divided not. [SD]
Praise Him with resounding cymbals; praise Him with triumphant cymbals; let everything that breathes praise the Lord. [SAAS]
O God-bearing father Gregory, * with the divine Spirit’s sword * did you cut down that baneful seed, * and its root the most profane * Barlaam you eradicate. * And his disciple, silly Akindynos, * the Faith’s betrayer, moreover you expelled * from divine membership, * classifying him with the abusive Jews, * since he zealously esteemed * their utter mindlessness. [SD]
Glory.
Menaion Supplement - - -
Mode pl. 4.
Your heavenly and blameless soul, most excellent Gregory, has her tabernacle and shrine in the heavenly Jerusalem, whose walls have been adorned by the immaterial hands of the invisible God. While on earth the temple of God’s Wisdom holds your venerable and long enduring body, an inviolate storehouse of treasures, a second Paradise of spiritual gifts; to it we have recourse and obtain healings. Guard this your beloved city, we entreat you, from the pestilence of wicked heresies, for you speak with confidence to Christ who glorified you. [SD]
From Octoechos - - -
Both now. Theotokion.
Mode pl. 4.
Lady, receive the supplications of your servants, and rescue us from all necessity and affliction. [SD]
Stand for the Great Doxology.
Great Doxology
Glory be to You who showed the light. Glory in the highest to God. His peace is on earth, His good pleasure in mankind. [SD]
We praise You, we bless You, we worship You, we glorify You, we give thanks to You for Your great glory.
Lord King, heavenly God, Father, Ruler over all; Lord, only-begotten Son, Jesus Christ; and You, O Holy Spirit.
Lord God, Lamb of God, Son of the Father, who take away the sin of the world, have mercy on us, You who take away the sins of the world.
Accept our supplication, You who sit at the right hand of the Father, and have mercy on us.
For You alone are holy, You alone are Lord, Jesus Christ, to the glory of God the Father. Amen.
Every day I will bless You, and Your name will I praise to eternity, and to the ages of ages.
Vouchsafe, O Lord, this day, that we be kept without sin.
Blessed are You, O Lord, the God of our fathers, and praised and glorified is Your name to the ages. Amen.
Let Your mercy be on us, O Lord, as we have set our hope on You.
Blessed are You, O Lord. Teach me Your statutes.
Blessed are You, O Lord. Teach me Your statutes.
Blessed are You, O Lord. Teach me Your statutes.
Lord, You have been our refuge from generation to generation. I said: Lord, have mercy on me. Heal my soul, for I have sinned against You.
Lord, I have fled to You. Teach me to do Your will, for You are my God.
For with You is the fountain of life; in Your light we shall see light.
Continue Your mercy to those who know You.
Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal, have mercy on us. (3)
Glory to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.
Both now and ever and to the ages of ages. Amen.
Holy Immortal, have mercy on us.
Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal, have mercy on us.
Apolytikion.
Menaion Supplement - - -
Mode pl. 4.
Beacon of Orthodox belief, the strong support of the Church and her teacher inspired by God, you are the ornament of monks, the unassailable champion of theologians, O Gregory the Wonder-worker and the boast of Thessalonica, the messenger of grace. Forever earnestly entreat for the salvation of our souls. [SD]